Jurnal Teologi Diegesis, menghadirkan tema yang beragam, mulai dari Teologi, Pendidikan Agama Kristen, Kepemimpinan, Teologi agama-agama, dan Pelayanan praktis gereja lokal melalui komsel. Tema-tema yang beragam ini memberi ruang bagi pembaca dari berbagai bidang minat atau keahlian. Karena STT Bethel Indonesia ada di dalam tradisi gereja Pentakostal, maka isu yang dibahas harus dari perspektif teologi Pentakostal.
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ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN THE CHURCH’S PASTORAL MINISTRY REGARDING THE PRACTICE OF COHABITATION WITHOUT FORMAL MARRIAGE
This study examines the ethical dilemma in church pastoral ministry toward cohabitation without formal marriage, highlighting the gap between the normative affirmation of marriage as a covenant and the need for contextual pastoral accompaniment. Previous studies have tended to assess cohabitation from moral or sociological perspectives but have not articulated an integrative pastoral response model. This qualitative case study involved purposively selected participants (pastors, church elders, and cohabiting couples). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, limited observation, and literature review, and analyzed using thematic coding. An Aristotelian virtue ethics framework was synthetically integrated with Franz Magnis-Suseno’s ethics of responsibility and enriched by a deontological perspective from Immanuel Kant, particularly concerning moral duty and the categorical imperative as a universal norm. This deontological lens sharpens the analysis of moral obligation, public commitment, and respect for human dignity within relational structures. Findings indicate that cohabitation is primarily driven by economic pressures and customary demands rather than theological rejection, and that churches adopt a moderative strategy: liturgical inclusion combined with structural restrictions. The study contributes to the formulation of a gradual pastoral model that upholds doctrinal integrity while fostering relational transformation.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Diegesis : Jurnal Teologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROMISE, FULFILLMENT, AND ISRAEL: TESTING A BIBLICAL-THEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF CHRIST AND THE KINGDOM OF GOD
This article examines the theological tension within biblical theology concerning the relationship between New Testament Christology, the concept of the Kingdom of God, and the theological significance of Israel. Contemporary debates frequently oscillate between supersessionist readings that marginalize Israel and continuity models that emphasize the enduring validity of the covenant. This study seeks to evaluate how New Testament texts construct the relationship between Jesus’ messianic identity, the fulfillment of covenantal promises, and the extension of the Kingdom of God to the nations. Employing a canonical exegetical approach integrated with historical-narrative analysis of key New Testament texts, the study traces patterns of continuity and transformation within the motif of promise and fulfillment. The analysis indicates that New Testament Christology does not sever its relationship with Israel; rather, it rearticulates covenantal hope within an eschatological and inclusive framework of the Kingdom. These findings challenge the rigid dichotomy between replacement and continuity and propose an integrative model in which the Kingdom of God is understood as an expansion of Israel’s promise without erasing its theological identity. Theoretically, this research contributes to the development of a biblical-theological paradigm that integrates canonical reading with constructive theological reflection. Its theological implications lie in the reformulation of the relationship between the Church and Israel within the framework of salvation history, avoiding both supersessionist reductionism and ethnic particularism
LITURGI YANG BERGERAK: KOREOGRAFI ROHANI DALAM IBADAH PUJIAN ALA DAUD
This study examines the profound role of bodily movement and choreography in Christian worship, advocating for its reintegration as an essential liturgical dimension, inspired by the Davidic model. It introduces "Kinetic Theology" as a new theological framework systematically affirming the intrinsic spiritual significance of the body in worship, and "Spiritual Choreography" as its practical manifestation. By analyzing biblical precedents, tracing historical shifts, and addressing contemporary challenges, this study challenges traditional mind-body dualism in worship, proposing that intentional movement can serve as a powerful prophetic and restorative form of praise, fostering a more holistic and deeply engaged liturgical experience.
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Diegesis : Jurnal Teologi
ECOLOGICAL THEOLOGY IN GMIH LITURGY AND ITS ROLE AS THE CHURCH’S EDUCATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY TOWARD THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS IN NORTH MALUKU
This study aims to examine the ecological-theological content embedded in the liturgical practices of GMIH, analyze the perceptions of mining-affected communities regarding environmental impacts, and formulate educational recommendations for the church through the integration of empirical findings and theological reflection. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with a convergent design, integrating quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously. The quantitative component was conducted through the distribution of structured questionnaires to a purposive sample of affected residents, with descriptive percentage analysis used to measure the intensity of perceptions related to air pollution, limited access to clean water, waste management issues, and economic impacts associated with mining activities. The qualitative component consists of in-depth interviews with congregational leaders, GMIH ministers, and affected community members, as well as document analysis of GMIH liturgical texts, using transcription, coding, and thematic analysis. Data integration was carried out through side-by-side comparison, linking numerical findings with contextual narratives and theological interpretation to achieve a more comprehensive understanding. The findings indicate a clear correspondence between the ecological experiences of local communities, who identify air pollution, water scarcity, and waste management as primary concerns, and the limited explicit ecological-educational dimension within GMIH liturgy. Although the liturgy contains theological narratives concerning creation and the stewardship of creation, its pedagogical emphasis on contextual ecological issues, particularly the environmental impacts of mining in North Maluku, remains relatively limited. These findings highlight the strategic potential of GMIH liturgy as a space for theological formation and ecological education, which can be further developed to strengthen environmental awareness, ethical responsibility, and ecological stewardship among congregations in responding to local environmental crises.
PEMBINAAN ORANG DEWASA KRISTEN BERDASARKAN KONSEP PEMBELAJARAN PARTISIPATIF
Pembinaan bagi orang dewasa dapat dikembangkan berbasis konsep pembelajaran behavioristik, kognitif, dan konstruktivistik. Namun pembinaan bagi orang dewasa yang melibatkan pemelajar sejak awal pembinaan dirancang sampai evaluasi sebagai bagian akhir, membutuhkan konsep pembelajaran yang tepat, yaitu konsep pembelajaran partisipatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan konsep pembinaan bagi dewasa Kristen dengan memanfaatkan konsep pembelajaran partisipatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Untuk menghasilkan sebuah konsep pembinaan partisipatif, dilakukan analisis terhadap karakteristik pembinaan bagi orang dewasa Kristen dan konsep pembelajaran partisipatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tahap berikutnya disusun konsep pembinaan partisipatif. Hasil penelitian adalah sebuah konsep pembinaan partisipatif bagi orang dewasa Kristen yang terdiri dari: prinsip-prinsip pembinaan partisipatif dan langkah-langkah menyusun pembinaan partisipatif bagi orang dewasa Kristen.
Hak Cipta (c) 2024 Diegesis : Jurnal Teologi
THE SACRED MEANING OF FORESTS IN A COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTHEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IN TELUK KEPAYANG VILLAGE, SOUTH KALIMANTAN
Forest conservation has become an increasingly urgent ecological concern and is often discussed within normative theological frameworks. However, limited research has examined how forest communities interpret and relate to the forest. This article analyzes how forest communities construct meanings and relational practices toward the forest within a community-based ecotheological framework. This study employs a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis among members of the forest community in Teluk Kepayang Village, South Kalimantan. Data were analyzed thematically through data condensation, categorization, and interpretation. The findings indicate that forest communities perceive the forest as a living space, a source of livelihood, and a sacred space. This collective ecological awareness aligns with creation theology and integral ecology, emphasizing the interconnectedness between humans and creation. However, this awareness is in tension with economic pressures and weak institutional support, preventing it from developing into stable and sustainable collective practices. Conceptually, this article expands community-based ecotheology by arguing that the formation of ecological subjects depends not only on faith-based awareness but also on strengthened social and economic structures, sustained community accompaniment, and cross-sector collaboration. This study contributes to contextual Catholic ecotheology in Indonesia by engaging in dialogical exchange with the lived realities of forest communities.
THE DIALECTIC OF DIVINE TRANSCENDENCE AND IMMANENCE IN THE LORD’S PRAYER (MATT. 6:9-13): A THEOLOGICAL-EXEGETICAL STUDY
This article examines how the Lord’s Prayer (Matt. 6:9-13) articulates the relationship between divine transcendence and immanence within Jesus’ instruction on prayer. While major Matthean and Lord’s Prayer provide extensive exegetical, literary, and theological discussions of the text, the interplay of transcendence and immanence is often treated implicitly or dispersed across broader themes (such as kingdom, discipleship, ethics, and eschatology) rather than analyzed as an integrated theological pattern within the prayer’s structure. Addressing this gap, the study employs qualitative research through close exegetical reading of Matthew 6:9-13 alongside systematic-theological analysis. The analysis suggests that the opening address, “Our Father in heaven,” functions to hold together God’s nearness (“Father”) and otherness (“in heaven”) as a framing tension for the petitions that follow. The first triad of petitions (“hallowed be your name,” “your kingdom come,” “your will be done”) is read as primarily oriented toward God’s sovereign initiative and holiness, whereas the second triad (“give us today our daily bread,” “do not bring us into temptation,” “deliver us from the evil one”) foregrounds divine provision, forgiveness, and protection in the lived experience of the praying community. Furthermore, the prayer’s theological coherence is interpreted in relation to Jesus’ teaching authority in Matthew, where Jesus mediates the knowledge of God and shapes the disciples’ address to God. The article argues that reading the Lord’s Prayer through the transcendence–immanence lens clarifies its internal logic and offers a constructive framework for describing divine-human relationality in Matthean prayer practice.
FAITH AMID EMPLOYMENT ANXIETY: A CONTEXTUAL-SOCIOLOGICAL THEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE JOB HUGGING PHENOMENON IN INDONESIA
Fenomena job hugging, yaitu kecenderungan manusia bertahan pada pekerjaan karena takut kehilangan jaminan ekonomi, mencerminkan krisis iman dalam kehidupan modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguraikan makna teologis hubungan antara iman dan kekhawatiran di balik fenomena tersebut. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah teologi sistematik dengan analisis kualitatif terhadap literatur teologi kontemporer terbitan 2015–2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa job hugging bukan sekadar persoalan ekonomi, melainkan ekspresi spiritual dari iman yang melemah. Kekhawatiran muncul ketika manusia menukar kebergantungan pada Allah dengan ketergantungan pada pekerjaan. Iman sejati, sebaliknya, merupakan kepercayaan eksistensial yang menuntun manusia untuk berserah kepada penyelenggaraan Allah di tengah ketidakpastian hidup. Iman tidak meniadakan kekhawatiran, melainkan mentransformasikannya menjadi sarana pembentukan rohani. Dengan demikian, iman dan kekhawatiran berelasi secara dialektis dalam membentuk kedewasaan spiritual. Refleksi ini menegaskan bahwa melalui penyelenggaraan Allah, manusia modern dapat menemukan makna hidup tanpa diperbudak oleh ketakutan terhadap kehilangan dan ketidakpastian.
CHANGE LEADERSHIP MODEL IN THE BOOK OF NEHEMIAH: A THEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTEMPORARY ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT
Research on leadership in the Book of Nehemiah has generally been reflective and applicative. It has rarely constructed a systematic conceptual framework in dialogue with contemporary leadership theory, particularly within the paradigms of strategic leadership and change management. This study aims to reconstruct Nehemiah’s leadership model in the post-exilic context and to examine its conceptual relevance to modern theories of change management. This research employs a historical-narrative hermeneutical approach, incorporating an exegetical analysis of leadership structures in the Book of Nehemiah, complemented by a literature review of strategic and transformational leadership theories. The analysis proceeds in three stages: (1) reconstruction of the post-exilic historical-theological context; (2) identification of leadership action patterns within the narrative (strategic vision, collective mobilization, resistance management, and socio-religious reform); and (3) conceptual dialogue with contemporary change management theory. The findings indicate that Nehemiah’s leadership constitutes a restorative-strategic leadership model characterized by the integration of theological vision, operational planning, distribution of responsibility, and crisis management grounded in moral legitimacy. This model is not reduced to a direct managerial prescription; rather, it is positioned as a conceptual framework that contributes to the development of values-based strategic leadership theory. The novelty of this study lies in the construction of a restorative-strategic leadership model grounded in historical-narrative analysis that methodologically avoids anachronism, while offering a systematic hermeneutical bridge between a fifth-century BCE biblical text and contemporary theories of change leadership.
Nehemiah, leadership, modern management, communication, decision-making.
EKKLESIA DI RUANG PUBLIK: PEMBACAAN EKLESIOLOGIS ATAS MATIUS 16:18 DALAM KONTEKS GEREJA INDONESIA
This study examines the concept of ekklesia in public space through an ecclesiological reading of Matthew 16:18 within the Indonesian church context. The central issue addressed is how the church understands its identity and mission amid social, political, ecological, and digital challenges. Using qualitative library research combined with biblical-theological analysis, this article rereads Matthew 16:18 alongside biblical metaphors of the church, particularly the temple of God, the body of Christ, and the bride of Christ. The findings show that the church is not merely an internal liturgical community, but a public, relational, holy, and missional community called to stand at the “gates” where destructive powers threaten human life, creation, justice, and faith. The study argues that the metaphor of “standing at the gates” offers a contextual ecclesiological framework for Indonesian churches to engage public realities critically and constructively. This framework calls local churches to reshape worship, spiritual formation, leadership, ecological responsibility, digital witness, and social participation as expressions of their identity in Christ. The study contributes to the development of Indonesian public ecclesiology and recommends further empirical research through narrative or case-study approaches to test this framework in concrete congregational contexts.
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Diegesis : Jurnal Teologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTERGRASI PASTORAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TEOLOGI: MODEL FORMASI KARAKTER MAHASISWA UNTUK KESIAPAN PELAYANAN KEJEMAATAN
The crisis of integrity and the phenomenon of burnout among church ministers indicate a disconnect between academic achievement in theological institutions and character readiness for real ministry contexts. This study aims to explore in depth the process of character formation among theology students as they prepare to face the complexities of congregational ministry. Employing a qualitative approach with a hermeneutic phenomenological design, the research investigates the lived experiences of ten final-year theology students through in-depth interviews and reflective journal analysis. Through hermeneutic circle analysis, five essential themes emerged: identity disruption as a catalyst for humility, the habituation of virtue within a communal ecosystem, pastoral resilience in the face of conflict, virtual integrity in digital spaces, and the transformation of power into service (kenosis). The findings reveal that character formation is not merely a byproduct of a cognitive curriculum but rather the outcome of a dialectic between crises and resolutions experienced by students throughout their academic journey. This study proposes a novel framework termed Character-Driven Theological Education (CDTE), which integrates spiritual formation, emotional regulation, and digital ethical literacy as foundational elements for ministry readiness. The study concludes that effective theological education must position character as an epistemology of learning, where affective maturity and moral integrity become prerequisites for effective pastoral leadership. The implications of this research call theological institutions to reconstruct their curricula by balancing intellectual excellence with the communal habituation of virtues in order to produce resilient and authentic church ministers in the post-pandemic era.
EKESIOLOGI DI ERA KECERDASAN BUATAN: REFLEKSI TEOLOGIS ATAS IDENTITAS DAN MISI GEREJA DIGITAL
Technological developments, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), are transforming human life, including in the context of the church. This article examines the relevance and identity of the church in the AI era using a biblically based theological approach, specifically the human cultural mandate (imago Dei) and the warning against human pride (the Tower of Babel). This research uses qualitative methods through literature study and biblical analysis. The results show that AI can expand mission reach, increase efficiency, and personalize ministry, but also raise theological and ethical challenges, such as dehumanization, algorithmic bias, and the risk of degradation of personal relationships. The essence of the church as a relational community living in the love of Christ, as well as the sacraments and the role of the pastor, remain irreplaceable. This article provides a new reflective-theological framework for understanding AI as a strategic opportunity without obscuring the essence of the church, thus contributing to the development of digital ecclesiology discourse in the context of contemporary theology.
PERIKHORESIS ALLAH TRINITAS SEBAGAI PARADIGMA RELASI GEREJA DALAM KONTEKS KEMAJEMUKAN AGAMA DI INDONESIA
Indonesia, as a plural society, often faces tensions among religious communities, challenging the church to offer a constructive paradigm of interfaith relations. This study aims to interpret the concept of perichoresis of the Triune God as a relational model for the church in engaging with other religions in the Indonesian context. The method employed is a literature-based study with a constructive theological approach, integrating classical and contemporary sources (Thomas Aquinas, Jürgen Moltmann, Joas Adiprasetya, and others) that discuss perichoresis and relational theology. Through this exploration, the study formulates three pillars of interfaith praxis—equality, openness, and cooperation—derived from the principle of perichoresis. The findings show that (1) perichoresis provides a relational framework that affirms religious identity without subordination; and (2) the paradigm of perichoresis offers an alternative to pluralist or inclusivist models by affirming both unity and difference. Thus, the study concludes that Trinitarian theology, when read through the lens of perichoresis, can contribute concretely to interreligious relations in Indonesia.
BAPTISAN MENURUT INJIL YOHANES DAN DALAM TRADISI BATAK TOBA
This study explores the theological meaning of baptism in the Gospel of John through a dialogue with the Martutu Aek ritual within the Batak Toba community. The Batak tradition concerning water in Martutu Aek provides insights that enrich the understanding of baptism, particularly in the Johannine context, and supports the development of a contextual theology relevant to the Batak people. Employing a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach that integrates biblical theology, contextual theology, and cultural anthropology, the study analyzes key texts from John 3 and 4 and interprets the symbolism of Martutu Aek ethnographically. The aim is to uncover both the resonances and theological tensions between the two. The findings indicate that, while both emphasize purification, identity formation, and communal integration through water, the concept of “living water” in the Gospel of John offers a new theological horizon for Martutu Aek, whereas Martutu Aek enriches the understanding of baptism in relational and cultural dimensions. This dialogue contributes to the formation of an initiation theology that is more grounded, relevant, and incarnational for the Batak church.
KUASA BAHASA KESEPULUH FIRMAN: SUATU KAJIAN ANALISIS WACANA HISTORIS TERHADAP KELUARAN 20:1-17
Artikel ini mengkaji Kesepuluh Firman (Keluaran 20:1–17) menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Wacana Historis model Ruth Wodak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana otoritas ilahi dikonstruksi dan dilegitimasi secara linguistik dan teologis dalam teks tersebut, serta mengungkap implikasi sosial dan teologis dari penggunaan bahasa dalam pembentukan tatanan moral dan spiritual komunitas iman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kesepuluh Firman tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai imperatif etis, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen wacana untuk membangun struktur sosial, melegitimasi kekuasaan ilahi, dan membentuk identitas kolektif umat Israel. Analisis terhadap struktur topik, strategi diskursif, dan perangkat linguistik dalam teks menegaskan peran bahasa sebagai sarana pembentukan norma, otoritas, dan dunia sosial umat beriman. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi baru dalam kajian teologi biblika melalui perspektif linguistik kritis.
SPEAK UP: ABRAHAM’S NEGOTIATION WITH GOD AS A TEACHING MOMENT FOR JUSTICE ADVOCACY
This study examines Genesis 18:16-33, focusing on the conversation between God and Abraham regarding the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. The study aims to explore how this narrative teaches about divine justice, mercy, and the relational nature of God. Using a qualitative and exegetical approach, the study analyzes the text in its historical and literary context, incorporating secondary theological sources. The finding of this study is that conversation is a paedagogical moment that becomes a foundation for humans to speak up, advocating for justice.
MENGABDI TANPA MENGORBANKAN: UPAYA MEMBANGUN KESEIMBANGAN IDEAL PELAYANAN PASTORAL DAN KELUARGA (MINISTRY-FAMILY BALANCE) BAGI PENDETA
This study examines the role conflict experienced by pastors in balancing pastoral ministry and family responsibilities. As spiritual leaders, pastors face significant expectations from the congregation while also being responsible for maintaining harmony within their families. The imbalance between these roles often leads to mental health challenges, weakened family relationships, and reduced effectiveness in ministry. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study analyzes the theological and ethical foundations of pastoral leadership and family obligations through a literature review. The findings highlight that role conflict in pastoral ministry stems from excessive workload, unrealistic expectations, and lack of clear boundaries between church and family life. To achieve an ideal balance, pastors must adopt ministry-family integration, time management, and transparent communication. Additionally, prioritizing both ministry and family as a form of devotion to God ensures a holistic and sustainable pastoral service. The study concludes that achieving balance is essential for pastoral effectiveness and family well-being, requiring intentional strategies to prevent burnout and relational discord.
DARI RITUAL KE IDENTITAS: ANALISIS HISTORIS-TEOLOGIS MAKNA SOSIAL PERJAMUAN KUDUS
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi identitas sosial yang dibangun oleh Sakramen Perjamuan Kudus. Hal ini berangkat dari masalah utama bahwa Perjamuan Kudus, yang sering dipandang sebagai esensi dan pusat teologi, dimaknai sebatas ritualisasi belaka yang dampaknya berhenti pada hubungan antara Allah dan manusia. Akibatnya, makna sosial dari Perjamuan Kudus hilang dan melahirkan kesenjangan sosial di ruang lingkup gereja karena tidak berdampak langsung pada kehidupan sosial umat secara nyata. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini berupaya menggali secara sosial-historis dan sosial-teologis, untuk melihat nilai-nilai sosial dalam Perjamuan Kudus berdasarkan perkembangan perjamuan dan doktrin-doktrin yang pernah membahasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perjamuan Kudus, meskipun jarang dikaitkan dengan nilai-nilai sosial di masyarakat, ternyata mengambil peran penting dalam pembentukan identitas sosial manusia, yaitu membangun identitas umat perjamuan. Dengan demikian, Perjamuan Kudus adalah satu hal utama yang membentuk dan menyusun identitas sosial manusia dengan memanggil mereka ke dalam perjamuan sebagai umat perjamuan.
ESCHATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: ANGELS CAPTURED AND BOUND THE DEVIL FOR A THOUSAND YEARS, STUDY OF REVELATION 20:2
The Millennial Kingdom is often understood differently by believers, in general some believe that the Millennial Kingdom will happen in the future, some believe that the Millennial Kingdom does not exist, and argue that the Millennial Kingdom is already happening now. Regarding the rapture, there are also various opinions, some believe that before the seven-year period of the antichrist the church of God will be raptured so that it will not experience torture, others argue that the church will be raptured after the three and a half years of the antichrist, and another view says that the church of God will only be raptured after the end of the antichrist. These differences in views must be straightened out according to God's teachings in the Bible, with biblical hermeneutic analysis. This study aims to find out how angels capture and bind the devil for a thousand years. This research method uses literature studies, exegeses and hermeneutics of verses, and interpretations of theologians. The conclusion of this study is that the devil is bound for a thousand years as proof of the prophecy that there will be a time when the Lord Jesus will rule theocratically together with believers and so that the devil does not lead the nations astray.
THE ROLE OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION IN SUPPORTING INDONESIA'S FREE NUTRITIOUS MEALS POLICY TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND INTELLECTUAL GROWTH
Studi kualitatif ini mengeksplorasi peran pendidikan Kristen dalam mendukung Free Nutritious Meals Policy (FNMP) di Indonesia untuk mempromosikan kesehatan dan perkembangan intelektual anak-anak. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan literatur, penelitian ini menganalisis studi-studi yang ada, laporan pemerintah, dan kerangka kerja pendidikan untuk memahami bagaimana pendidikan Kristen melengkapi tujuan kebijakan tersebut. FNMP, yang bertujuan mengatasi masalah gizi buruk dan meningkatkan hasil pendidikan, menyediakan makanan gratis bagi siswa di seluruh negeri. Pendidikan Kristen, dengan penekanan pada pengembangan moral, spiritual, dan intelektual, sejalan dengan kebijakan ini dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai pengelolaan, tanggung jawab, dan kepedulian terhadap sesama. Studi ini menyelidiki bagaimana sekolah Kristen mengintegrasikan pendidikan gizi ke dalam kurikulum mereka dan mendorong pilihan gaya hidup sehat di kalangan siswa. Dengan mengeksplorasi hubungan antara nilai-nilai Kristen dan kebijakan kesehatan nasional, makalah ini menyoroti bagaimana pendidikan Kristen dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya gizi bagi kesejahteraan fisik dan kognitif. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi peluang kolaborasi antara lembaga Kristen dan badan pemerintah untuk memperkuat dampak kebijakan tersebut. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan Kristen memiliki peran penting, tidak hanya dalam mendukung FNMP tetapi juga dalam meningkatkan efektivitasnya melalui pendekatan yang menyeluruh terhadap pengembangan anak.
TANGIS DI BAWAH LAMPU MERAH: KAJIAN ETIKA KRISTEN TERHADAP EKSPLOITASI ANAK SEBAGAI PERBUDAKAN
The phenomenon of buskers and car window cleaners at red lights carrying babies to solicit pity is increasingly prevalent in big cities. This practice raises serious issues because it involves the exploitation of children as a means of gaining sympathy with the aim of economic gain. This article examines child exploitation in this context as a form of modern slavery from the perspective of Christian ethics. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyse this phenomenon through a review of relevant literature. The results show that child exploitation in the form of using babies for begging at red lights can be categorised as a form of modern slavery. Christian ethics condemns this practice because it contradicts human values that recognise every human being as God's creation that is valuable and has dignity. A Christian ethical perspective suggests that any action that treats human beings, especially children, as tools for economic gain is a violation of human dignity and the fundamental rights of the child. The church, as an institution that holds a prophetic role, must be actively involved in responding to this issue, through education, advocacy, and social services to protect children from exploitation.
EVALUATING A POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM SUPPORT: A DUAL APPROACH USING REALIST EVALUATION AND CIPP MODEL FOR ACCREDITION ENHANCEMENT
This research explores the effectiveness of a Graduate Program Support Program in enhancing the accreditation status by employing the Realist Evaluation and CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) Model Evaluation approaches. Addressing a research gap regarding the nuanced impact of support programs on postgraduate accreditation, this study combines qualitative document analysis, stakeholder interviews, and field observations. The research investigates how contextual factors and program elements influence the success of the support program in the complex landscape of postgraduate education. The primary research question focuses on understanding the interplay between the Realist Evaluation and the CIPP Model in evaluating and improving accreditation outcomes. The study aims to comprehensively understand the key elements contributing to the program's success. Findings reveal that the integrated approach successfully enhances accreditation by addressing program components and contextual nuances. Recommendations include tighter integration of program components, enhanced collaboration among stakeholders, and refinement of evaluation strategies. In conclusion, integrating the Realist Evaluation and the CIPP Model proves valuable in designing effective support programs for advancing postgraduate accreditation, offering insights that contribute significantly to the existing knowledge in educational program evaluation
INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN SEBAGAI PILAR KEMERDEKAAN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Educational freedom in Indonesia faces significant challenges, including commercialization of education, unequal access, low quality of human resources, corruption, and economic conditions that limit access to quality education. Christian educational institutions play an essential role in realizing equal access and quality of education for all levels of society, regardless of social or economic background. Despite policies such as free education and infrastructure improvements, inequality remains a significant obstacle that has yet to be fully resolved. Strengthening collaboration between the government, church, and society is needed to overcome these obstacles, including strengthening Christian educational institutions' capacity, developing alternative education, and providing more inclusive financial support. These steps are expected to create a fair and equitable educational environment, allowing everyone to access quality education as a foundation for more inclusive and sustainable national development.
MENERAPKAN PRINSIP KERAJAAN ALLAH DALAM KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI: PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIF UNTUK TRANSFORMASI SPIRITUAL DAN SOSIAL
This study explores applying the principles of the Kingdom of God in the daily lives of Christians with a constructive approach that focuses on spiritual and social transformation. The Kingdom of God, often understood as an eschatological reality, is also present in today's world through values ??such as love, justice, forgiveness, and peace. This study uses a qualitative and library research approach to analyze relevant theological and biblical sources. The study's results indicate that the principles of the Kingdom of God can be internalized through personal reflection, Christian ethics education, and involvement in a supportive community. This strategy aims to shape the character of Christians to be in line with the culture of the Kingdom of God so that they can be light and salt in society. With consistent application, it is hoped that people can experience spiritual transformation and positively impact the social environment.
MENYENTUH DAN MENYEMBUHKAN: STUDI TENTANG PRAKTIK KESEMBUHAN YESUS DALAM KRISIS KESEHATAN GALILEA
This study examines the theological and practical implications of Jesus’ healing practices, particularly about women’s mental health in Indonesia. Jesus, as a healer in the first century in Galilee, transcended social and religious boundaries by touching and healing those marginalized, including women. The practice of healing through physical touch is not only a medical act but also reflects God’s compassion that touches individuals' physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects. In the Indonesian context, where women’s mental health is often neglected and stigmatized, Jesus’ approach offers a model of ministry that the church can adopt to create an inclusive and supportive environment. This study uses library research methods to analyze theological and historical literature and compares the social conditions in Galilee with women’s mental health in Indonesia. The results show that Jesus’ holistic approach can inspire the church to support the psychological and spiritual well-being of the congregation, as well as address the stigma of mental health, creating broader healing in society.
MEWUJUDKAN KOINONIA YANG MISIONAL: ANALISIS TEOLOGI PRAKTIS TERHADAP PARTISIPASI GMIT BET’EL DALAM MERESPONS ISU RENDAHNYA KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
The low quality of education in East Nusa Tenggara significantly impacts people's lives. GMIT Bet'el, part of the Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor (GMIT), has a vital role in improving the quality of education, but its participation still needs to be improved. This study analyzes the role of GMIT Bet'el in education using practical theology based on Richard R. Osmer's framework and the missional koinonia theory of John Zizioulas and J. Andrew Kirk, as well as the missio Dei concept of the World Council of Churches (WCC). Using qualitative methods that include four tasks of practical theology—descriptive-empirical, interpretive, normative, and pragmatic—, it was found that a lack of congregational motivation, imbalanced priorities, and financial constraints hampers GMIT Bet'el's participation. This theological reflection emphasizes the need for GMIT Bet'el to become a missional koinonia, focusing on education as part of God's mission through awareness-raising, strategic planning, and wise resource management.
PEMBINA SEBAGAI SAHABAT: KONSTRUKSI KEPEMIMPINAN SAHABAT DI STASI SANTO POLYKARPUS PANDUMPASAN
This study addresses the issue of subordination within the servant leadership model and proposes the concept of friendship leadership, which emphasizes an egalitarian relationship between leaders and congregation members, based on the theology of friendship from John 15:15. The objective of the research is to examine the application of the friendship leadership model by OMK mentors at Stasi Santo Polykarpus Pandumpasan and its impact on the active participation of OMK in the Sunday Word service, as well as the improvement of relationships between mentors and OMK. The research argues that the friendship leadership model creates an inclusive environment that supports the spiritual and social growth of the congregation. The qualitative research method employs techniques such as interviews, observations, documentation, and thematic data analysis. The study's findings indicate that the friendship leadership model effectively increases the active participation of OMK, improves the relationships between mentors and OMK, and creates a more inclusive and supportive environment within the church community.
HEGEMONI AGAMA DI INDONESIA: PERSPEKTIF PASTORAL LINTAS AGAMA
This article aims to examine the religious hegemony that is currently occurring in Indonesia, where in several cases that have occurred over the last five years, the dominance of one religion over another religion is clear and occurs continuously. This can certainly damage the perfection of diversity in Indonesia itself, considering that diversity is one of the characteristics inherent in Indonesia's identity as a great nation. Religious hegemony in Indonesia is considered the "right" thing to do because of the power obtained from the dominance of the majority religion. Therefore, the author wants to conduct an cross-religious pastoral study in looking at issues of power faced by religion as a tool to make power appear legitimate. This study concludes with an ethical attitude based on the understanding that power is created, defeated and can be redeemed, which will help us to see what ethical attitude the church must take towards hegemony of power. The specific calling of the church is to understand and engage with both the structure and spirituality of oppressive institutions.
PANGERAN PARA PENGKHOTBAH: PATRON CHARLES HADDON SPURGEON DALAM KHOTBAH EKSPOSITORI BAGI GEREJA POSTMODERN
Charles Haddon Spurgeon, dikenal sebagai "Pangeran Para Pengkhotbah," memberikan teladan luar biasa bagi pengkhotbah era postmodern melalui khotbah ekspositorinya yang mendalam dan terperinci. Spurgeon menunjukkan pentingnya keakuratan eksegetis, aplikasi praktis, dan penggunaan retorika efektif dalam menyampaikan pesan Alkitab. Selain itu, keterlibatannya dalam karya sosial dan dedikasinya terhadap pendidikan teologis, seperti pendirian The Pastor's College, menunjukkan komitmennya dalam merespons kebutuhan sosial dan mendukung pertumbuhan gereja. Integritas dan komitmen pribadi Spurgeon dalam menjalankan pelayanan juga menjadi pilar penting yang harus diikuti pengkhotbah masa kini. Melalui kontekstualisasi Injil, Spurgeon berhasil menghubungkan pesan Alkitab dengan realitas kehidupan jemaatnya, memberikan contoh relevan untuk mengatasi tantangan zaman. Pengkhotbah di era postmodern disarankan untuk mengikuti metode dan prinsip pelayanan Spurgeon, termasuk studi eksegesis mendalam, keterlibatan dalam karya sosial, dan pendidikan teologis berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian, pengkhotbah dapat memberikan pelayanan yang berdampak, memperkuat pondasi iman, dan memperluas pengaruh gereja dalam masyarakat.
RELIGION, POLITICAL POSITION, AND NATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA: REVISITING THE DIALECTICS AND DISCOURSES ON THE JAKARTA LEADERSHIP AMONG SOCIAL MEDIA (INSTAGRAM) USERS
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ekspresi keagamaan pemuda pengguna Instagram di Jakarta dan sekitarnya terkait dengan pasangan calon gubernur menjelang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah DKI Jakarta 2017, dialektika pandangan keagamaan yang terjadi, dan yang melatarbelakangi pandangan keagamaan tersebut. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan pengamatan, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Pengumpulan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif. Analisis dan interpretasi disusun dalam kerangka teoritis yang dikaji dan bersumber dari beberapa literatur yang terkait dengan fokus penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini meunjukan bahwa ekspresi publik keagamaan pada akun resmi pasangan calon gubernur Jakarta 2017 sering membahas soal agama dan terjadi dialektika pro dan kontra tentang kepemimpinan daerah dengan agama Islam dan non-Islam (Kristen) beserta argumennya. Gairah beragama terlihat besar dan ada kecenderungan kuat dalam ekspresi publik komentar Instagram dengan mengkaitkan aspek agama pada figur yang akan memimpin Jakarta. Ada tiga tema yang saling berkaitan dan menjadi pokok argumentasi dalam dialektika dan oposisi boleh atau tidaknya gubernur non-Muslim ini yaitu teologis, fiqih, dan kebangsaan. Pandangan tersebut bisa dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan agama yang diperoleh secara formal atau informal, otoritas keagamaan seperti ustadz atau ulama yang dianggap benar pendapatnya, dan konsumsi informasi keagamaan yang tersedia secara cetak maupun online.